Human Spinal Deformities Using 3d Reconstruction Techniques

Literature Survey on Human Spinal Deformities using 3D Reconstruction Techniques Introduction: Spine and its deformities: Scoliosis is a complex three-dimensional (3-D) deformation of the trunk that requires orthopedic treatment in 5 out of 1000 persons [1]. It is described as a lateral deviation of the spine (Fig. 1), combined with asymmetric deformation and axial rotation of the vertebrae, deformation of the rib cage and possibly of the pelvis. The human spine is divided into cervical (7 vertebrae C1 - C7), thoracic (12 vertebrae Tl - T12), and lumbar (5 vertebrae L1 - L5) sections above a fused sacrum (Fig. 2). While the spine normally has no lateral curvature, there are normal side-view curves including lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis and cervical lordosis. Scoliotic curves are considered thoracic when the apex lies between T2 and T11, thoracolumbar at T12-L1, and lumbar from L2-L5. Each vertebra consists of an anterior weight-bearing vertebral body and posterior elements that protect the spinal cord and enable muscular and ligamentous attachments (Fig. 3). Particularly in severe scoliotic curves, asymmetric loads on the vertebrae encourage asymmetric growth of the vertebral elements, with one result being that despite a substantial underlying spinal curve the spinous processes may deform to produce a relatively straight line on the back surface. The spine, composed of vertebrae connected by fluid-filled intervertebral discs, is a loose and

Marketing of 15 inch multimedia TV system Free Essays

The 15 inch multimedia LCD TV system is a high resolution system just like the 17 inch one. The 15 inch multimedia LCD TV is capable of displaying the different features that are possessed by the 17 inch one. The main reasons why the 15 inch TV system has lagged behind in terms of sales could be attributed to its smaller size of the display screen, slightly lesser or fewer features, among other few shortcomings. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing of 15 inch multimedia TV system or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite all these shortcomings, this TV system has the advantage of being cheaper hence it can be afforded by many people. It also has the advantage of having similar feature as those possessed by the 17 inch TV system. By looking at a spectrum of several options in an attempt to raise the sales volumes of the 15 inch TV system, one of them seems to bee more practical and achievable in the prevailing circumstances. This is serous advertising and sales promotion of this product (Don E Schultz, 1997). All seems not lost yet because the product is operating slightly above the break-even-point and therefore if a serious adverting and sales promotion is done the trend can change. Advertising is the creation of awareness of a product and appealing to the public to purchase the product. On the other hand sales promotion stands for other marketing activities other than personal selling, advertising and publicity and is intended to stimulate demand for the product i.e. consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness. Both advertising and sales promotion are part of what is referred to as the marketing communication mix or promotion mix (http://www.onlinewbc.org/DOCS/market/adv_vs_pr.html) How it is to be done There are several approaches that should be applied in advertising. Advertising is intended to influence long term buying behavior. One way of achieving this goal is through placing adverts continually in the press media i.e. daily newspapers and magazines. Through this it is expected that the adverts will reach out to a large population in the country or the market area. The other means / way in which advertising should be done is through placing adverts in the electronic media such as radio and televisions. This is also has advantage of reaching out to a large audience. This kind of advertising should portray all the positive aspects of using the 15 inch TV system. The visual aspect is likely to create more demand in the short term and also in the long term. Other than adverts in the print and electronic media, advertising should also be done through public launches in different parts of the country or expected market coverage area. During such launches demonstrations on the operation of the TV system should be done. Advantages of using this product should be highlighted during such launches. Sales promotions should also be done. This could involve issuing coupons, free samples, refunds and rebates, premiums or gifts, contests and sweepstakes, point-of -sale displays, shows and exhibitions, among other ways.( Julian Cummins, 1997 ). When these are done properly immediate surge in sales volumes is likely to be observed. This is true because customers like â€Å"something extra† like a gift when they purchase a product, provided that it is of good quality. The product in question i.e. the 15 inch TV system has good quality and hence sales promotion can assist in boosting sales hence profits. Conclusion It is important to know that both advertising and sales promotion can be applied together as part of the promotional mix for the 15 inch TV system. The campaign for raising sales volume for this product can effectively use these two tools to achieve its targets. Personal selling should come in to support advertising by increasing the sales. References 1. Advertising and publicity available at http://www.onlinewbc.org/DOCS/market/adv_vs_pr.html assessed on Feb. 1, 2008 2. Julian Cummins, (1997). Sales Promotion: How to Create, Implement and Integrate Campaigns That Really Work. Prentice Hall 3. Don E Schultz (1997). Sales Promotion Essentials: The 10 Basic Sales Promotion Techniques†¦ and How to Use Them. Prentice Hall          How to cite Marketing of 15 inch multimedia TV system, Essay examples

Women in western society Essay Example For Students

Women in western society Essay WOMEN IN WESTERN SOCIETYSince the beginning of mankind women have been dominated by men. They were to obey and serve man. Their main role in society was to bear children, take care of the household and to be loyal and faithful to their husbands. They were to remain subjects to males. Many viewed women as slaves to man and that should be placed in a household where they belong because women could not perform the tasks of men. During the renaissance family played a crucial role for women. Parents, often to strengthen business and to tighten family bonds arranged many marriages. The male figure was the head of the family. He had authority over everyone. He was in charge and managed of all legal and finical problems. The woman managed only the household. Due to the arranged marriages, women had no emotional feelings for their husbands, which led to temptations. Women were sometimes killed for having an affair, where as men were aloud to have a mistress. Most women family life was their only destiny. Witchcraft affected the lives of many women during the 16th and 17th century. Lots of women were burned at the stake for being accused of being a witch. Most witchcraft trials women of the lower classes were most likely to be accused of witchcraft. But by the mid 17th century this witchcraft craze was starting to vanish. The Enlightenment questioned the role of women. For centuries men have dominated what the role of women should be. Many male writers believed that that women were lower intellectually value to men. But there were some philosophies, which showed some positive feed back for women. They argued that women were capable of all that men are. It was the woman thinkers who added new perspectives to the women question by suggesting better improvements for woman. Those thinkers believed that woman should be better educated. They should be able to learn what men are learning. A English writer Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was the fonder of modern European feminism. She began the women movement arguing the rights of women. She declared, that women should have equal rights with education and in economic and political life. During the French Revolution woman began to show that they weren’t afraid anymore. After the Declaration of Rights of Man and citizen on August 26, 1789. Women started questioning themselves , do this rights include women. These law brought about many disputes. One of the biggest disputes is when the women marched to Versailles. Thousands of Parisians women set off for Versailles to confront the king and the national assembly. They were armed with broomsticks, pitch forks, swords, pistols and muskets. They were ready to fight. They killed many of the kings guards forcing the king to give up and change his mind. The women won there battle. During the Industrial Revolution factories and mines were being built. A new revolution was being born. But the conditions the women and children faced were horribly dreadful. Their work hours stretched from 12-16 hours a day, 6 days a week with half an hour lunch and no minimum wage. The women and children were being abused. After the factor y act of 1833 children employment decreased. The women had to replace all the children. Women made up 50% of the work force. They were mostly unskilled and were paid half or less what men were receiving. These women were working and still were able to keep a family at home. Soon later labor organizations and unions were formed. Women gained normal wages and better working conditions. .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 , .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 .postImageUrl , .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 , .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7:hover , .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7:visited , .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7:active { border:0!important; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7:active , .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7 .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6685c0e11a7b6de193060f4701ea6d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Facebook Profile Of Facebook Twitter EssayThe women question was brought up again in the 19th century. The role of women was traditionally the same. They would stay home and take care of the family. Many women got married just for the money. Single women didn’t earn enough to live on their own. Due to the lower wage. Women in the working class were accustomed to hard work. Daughters were expected to work until they get married. Even after marriage women would still work at home to earn some extra money. At the beginning of the 20th century families of the working class started to change. Better jobs were created so